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20 Application of Sustainable Micro-Algal Species in the Production of Bioenergy

20.2.4.2

Continuous Culture

Continuous cultures have infinite resources. Hence, algae are retained at a fixed

point in the growth curve by the periodical adding of new culture. Fresh culture is

being added regularly at the rate which is proportional to the growth rate of the alga

in the medium. And since it is a continuous process, the same quantity of culture is

also taken away regularly.

20.2.5

Harvesting Cultures

There are several procedures including separation of algae, drying the cells, and fur-

ther processing, in order to get the required product. Techniques used for harvesting

depend on the grown-up category of algae. Most commonly used harvesting proce-

dures are flocculation, centrifugation, and filtration. For harvesting large quantities

of culture, continuous flow of centrifugation is used [9].

20.2.6

Bioenergy Production Process from Microalgae

Microalgae can be used to generate energy in various manners. A few algal species

can produce hydrogen gas as indicated.

20.2.6.1

Production Processes

The creation of algae in more quantity has been dependent on the test for a long time.

The attention on using green growth was concerning significant things like fluids or

proteins [10, 11] for food. Cadge created quantities per region are equivalent to cur-

rent worth, green growth creation for biofuel, and this has become a significant issue

[10]. Two unique methods for green growth creation are encouraged and examined

during research; open lake reactors (OPR) and shut photo-bioreactors (PBR). OPRs

are available to the condition the bowls are frequently formal like raceways, up to

3000 cm long and 150 cm wide. In numerous reactors, an oar wheel is applied to

give the progression of medium. Points of interest of these reactors are the moder-

ately low speculation cost and simply taking care of. The drawback is the ecological

impact presents a genuine weakness. Creation rate may be approximately 10–25 g

dry issue (PM) of biomass growth every day per m² [11, 12]. The hindrances and

insecure creation in OPR top many examination organization changes to shut down

PBR. Likewise in the PBRs, the green growth medium is siphoned through a shut

framework to give sun-based protection for growth of a few structures that are avail-

able, for example, vertical-requested-level acrylic glass tubes, plastic sacks, or flat

plate reactors [11].

20.2.6.2

Biomass Production from Marine Water Algae

Naturally Occurring With respect to kelp, essential biomass age can be used normally

sprouting of marine microalgae in pungent needs or lakes. These are instances of

chances with the gathering of microalgae that are congested in these zones. This

is like floating kelp. The counterfeit eutrophication of water by human exercises

creates nearby adjustment of the biological systems. It may end in enormous